Community and the Individual in John Fords The Quiet Man Essay

Community and the Individual in John Ford's The Quiet Man John Ford's The Quiet Man is a romantic comedy that demonstrates Ford's world-view by way of symbolic visual devices as well as in the basic plot: the outsider being indoctrinated into a community through the gradual understanding of rituals and rites of passage, as well as the little nuances of everyday life. John Ford, a filmmaker with a strong Irish ancestry and pride in his roots, directed this film about the return of a retired boxer to the town of his birth, Innisfree; the plot is just the backbone of a film which is fleshed out by the ideas Ford expressed throughout all his films: the value and meaning of community, communicated with a unique dramatic rhythm. This dramatic rhythm follows a pattern of assertion -> resistance -> accommodation. Ford also uses many icons (specific visual imagery repeated throughout many of his films which have a consistent meaning and/or function for Ford) to express his ideas, such as the use of doorways, which represent a boundary between a safe area and a dangerous one, and the watching/waiting shot, which shows someone in the throes of hope or sorrow, and demonstrates homecomings or departures. Other icons found in the film, and the larger body of Ford's work, include the horizon shot, which shows the passage from one mode of life to another, and the parade/procession, which displays community harmony, usually used in a showing of community success. Also used is the reaction-shot, which serves to appraise the importance of a dramatic happening through the reactions of various characters, and lastly and very importantly, the shared imbibing of spirits, which is part of any sound celebration in Ford's world. The opening sce... ...mily makes life easier and more pleasurable. Ford uses his icons to show the passing from one situation or lifestyle into another (such as horizon shots: from the American life to the Irish, or from the single life into the married) or to show the community in harmony (processions/parades, and shared spirits). His unusual dramatic rhythm is felt on a larger level (Sean's assertion into the community, the resistance of Red Will and later Mary Kate, the accommodation of the donnybrook and the final dinner scene) as well as in each individual scene; this progression from assertion to resistance to accommodation, paired with the iconography, gives The Quiet Man a flavor and style all its own, and with the gorgeous Irish countryside as backdrop, the result is an essay on the ultimate ideal situation of community harmony and the individual sacrifice it takes to achieve it.

American Government: 21st Amendment

The twenty first article of amendment to the U. S. Constitution was the result of public disagreement to constitutional amendments, while the Supreme Court had played the role of ‘subject matter’ mediator. The ‘dry’ shadows of the 18th Amendment began to fade out with the coming of the Great Depression, as, the alcohol consumption was reduced, but not erased, and, at the same time, bootlegging had reached its peak. The national prohibition of alcohol has endured for only 14 years and was, finally, ratified by the legislators and 36 states on December 5, 1933.The 21st Amendment has framed sale and manufacture of grain alcohol within the state, excluding transportation and importation of liquors. The history of the U. S. court notes three cases, involving the 21st amendment; though, none of them was clearly based on the article. Craig v. Boren (No. 75-628) was the appeal from the United States district court for the Western district of Oklahoma. Appellant Crai g claimed that a statute of Oklahoma stood for discrimination based on gender, â€Å"prohibiting the sale of ‘nonintoxicating’ 3. 2% beer to males under the age of 21 and to females under the age of 18† (1976 US, 429 U.S. 190, I). Appellant Whitener took a side of equal protection challenge, because, as a licensed vendor of grain alcohol, she could quit her business or pay high penalties if she obeys or disobeys the statute of the state accordingly. To support the claim, appellants provided statistical data, proving that 18-20-year males are more likely to be arrested for drunk driving, be killed, injured, and inclined to drinking than females of the same age. Males were prohibited to purchase intoxicating liquors, yet, were allowed (anything that is not prohibited, is allowed) to drink them.The data showed that public safety had to be protected from such incidents and crashes. Concluding all stated above, Craig highlighted the violation of the Equal Protection C lause and was seeking for resolution of such a controversy. On the other hand, Boren, the governor of Oklahoma, rendered statistics, which showed â€Å"only that . 18% of females and 2% of males in the 18-20-year-old age group were arrested for â€Å"American Government: 21st Amendment† â€Å"Page#2†driving while under the influence of liquor† (1976 US, 429 U. S. 190, II C). In such a way, the appellants’ data claimed to be invalid. Boren had not put aside the Craig’s statistical evidence; yet, rated it as ‘insufficient’ in determining the key factors of traffic safety: â€Å"The statistics exhibit a variety of other shortcomings that seriously impugn their value to equal protection analysis [†¦] and make no effort to relate findings to age-sex differential† (1976 US, 429 U.S. 190, II C). For that reason, the results can hardly prove the ratio between gender/age and drinking/driving. The decision of the court was as follows : the difference between males and females of 18-20-year period had violated the Equal Protection Clause and, therefore, discriminated males by Oklahoma’s 3. 2% beer statutory scheme. Finally, the judgment of the District Court was reversed. The 21st Amendment bound the operation of the Commerce Clause.â€Å"The court assumed that the Twenty-first amendment ‘strengthened’ the State’s police powers with respect to alcohol regulation† (1976 US, 429 U. S. 190, II D). Nevertheless, Oklahoma’s discrimination against males violated the 14th Amendment, while the text of the 21st one had nothing to deal with individual rights of US citizens. While most of Americans followed the ‘dry’ law, the activists of individual freedom were weaving the threads of nationwide hazard, coming from followers of moral values.On the other hand, bootleggers knocked a fortune during the Prohibition and governments could not lose the chance to increase public revenues. The 21st Amendment had granted a safe and structured marketplace for US citizens and empowered states to regulate sale of alcohol, but legalized a widespread alcohol production, distribution and consumption within the states.However, the state’s legislative and regulatory authority, given by the 21st Amendment to the US Constitution, is a core factor of alcohol control and retailing. Bibliography: 1. â€Å"The Constitution of the United States,† Amendment 21. 2. U. S. Supreme Court. Craig v. Boren, 429 U. S. 190, 1970. Online. The Oklahoma State Courts Network. Internet. 15 March, 2007. Available: http://www. oscn. net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument. asp? CiteID=430201

Admiral Edward Vernon of the Royal Navy

A distinguished officer in the Royal Navy, Admiral Edward Vernons career commenced in 1700 and spanned a period of 46 years. This saw him learn his trade under Admiral Cloudesley Shovell before establishing himself as a rising star in the ranks. Vernon saw active service in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) and later in the War of Jenkins Ear and the War of the Austrian Succession. Though he won a triumph at Porto Bello in 1739, he is best remembered for his invention of grog, a rum and water mixture, that was provided to the sailors in his fleets. Grog would go on to become a staple of Royal Navy life until 1970. Early Life Career Born November 12, 1684 in London, Edward Vernon was the son of James Vernon, secretary of state to King William III. Raised in the city, he received some education at the Westminster School before entering the Royal Navy on May 10, 1700. A popular school for the sons of well-placed Britons, Westminster later produced both Thomas Gage and John Burgoyne who would play key roles in the American Revolution. Assigned to HMS Shrewsbury (80 guns), Vernon possessed more education than most his peers. Remaining aboard for less than a year, he shifted to HMS Ipswich (70) in March 1701 before joining HMS Mary (60) that summer. War of the Spanish Succession With the War of the Spanish Succession raging, Vernon received a promotion to lieutenant on September 16, 1702 and was transferred to HMS Lennox (80). After service with the Channel Squadron, Lennox sailed for the Mediterranean where it remained until 1704. When the ship was paid off, Vernon moved to Admiral Cloudesley Shovells flagship, HMS Barfleur (90). Serving in the Mediterranean, he experienced combat during the capture of Gibraltar and Battle of Malaga. Becoming a favorite of Shovell, Vernon followed the admiral to HMS Britannia (100) in 1705 and aided in the capture of Barcelona. Rapidly rising through the ranks, Vernon was elevated to captain on January 22, 1706 at the age of twenty-one. First assigned to HMS Dolphin (20), he shifted to HMS Rye (32) a few days later. After taking part in the failed 1707 campaign against Toulon, Vernon sailed with Shovells squadron for Britain. Nearing the British Isles, several of Shovells ships were lost in the Scilly Naval Disaster which saw four ships sunk and 1,400-2,000 men killed, including Shovell, due to a navigational error. Saved from the rocks, Vernon arrived home and received command of HMS Jersey (50) with orders to oversee the West Indies station. Member of Parliament Arriving in the Caribbean, Vernon campaigned against the Spanish and broke up an enemy naval force near Cartagena in 1710. He returned home at the wars end in 1712. Between 1715 and 1720, Vernon commanded various vessels in home waters and in the Baltic before serving as commodore at Jamaica for a year. Coming ashore in 1721, Vernon was elected to Parliament from Penryn a year later. A staunch advocate for the navy, he was vocal in debates regarding military matters. As tensions with Spain increased, Vernon returned to the fleet in 1726 and took command of HMS Grafton (70). After cruising to the Baltic, Vernon joined the fleet at Gibraltar in 1727 after Spain declared war. He remained there until fighting ended a year later. Returning to Parliament, Vernon continued to champion maritime matters and argued against continued Spanish interference with British shipping. As relations between the two countries worsened, Vernon advocated for Captain Robert Jenkins who had his ear cut off by the Spanish Coast Guard in 1731. Though wishing to avoid war, First Minister Robert Walpole ordered additional troops to be sent to Gibraltar and ordered a fleet to sail for the Caribbean. War of Jenkins War Promoted to vice admiral on July 9, 1739, Vernon was given six ships of the line and ordered to attack Spanish commerce and settlements in the Caribbean. As his fleet sailed west, Britain and Spain severed relations and the War of Jenkins Ear began. Descending on the poorly defended Spanish town of Porto Bello, Panama, he quickly captured it on November 21 and remained there for three weeks. The victory led to the naming of Portobello Road in London and public debut of the song Rule, Britannia!. For his achievement, Vernon was hailed as a hero and was granted Freedom of the City of London. Old Grog The following year saw Vernon order that the daily rum ration provided to the sailors be watered down to three parts water and one part rum in an effort to reduce drunkenness. As Vernon was known as Old Grog for his habit of wearing grogham coats, the new drink became known as grog. Some have argued that Vernon dictated the addition of citrus juice to the mixture which would led to much-reduced rates of scurvy and other diseases in his fleet as it would have added a daily dose of Vitamin C. This appears to be a misreading of his original orders and was not part of the original recipe. Failure at Cartagena In an effort to follow up Vernons success at Porto Bello, in 1741 he was given a large fleet of 186 ships and 12,000 soldiers led by Major General Thomas Wentworth. Moving against Cartagena, Colombia, British forces were hampered by frequent disagreements between the two commanders and delays ensued. Due to the prevalence of disease in the region, Vernon was skeptical of the operations success. Arriving in early March 1741, British efforts to take the city were plagued by a lack of supplies and rampaging disease. Endeavoring to defeat the Spanish, Vernon was forced to withdraw after sixty-seven days which saw around a third of his force lost to enemy fire and disease. Among those to take part in the campaign was George Washingtons brother, Lawrence, who named his plantation Mount Vernon in the admirals honor. Sailing north, Vernon captured Guantà ¡namo Bay, Cuba and desired to move against Santiago de Cuba. This effort failed due to heavy Spanish resistance and Wentworths incompetence. With the failure of British operations in the region, both Vernon and Wentworth were recalled in 1742. A Return to Parliament Returning to Parliament, now representing Ipswich, Vernon continued to battle on behalf of the Royal Navy. Critical of the Admiralty, he may have authored several anonymous pamphlets which attacked its leadership. Despite his actions, he was promoted to admiral 1745, and took command of the North Sea Fleet in an effort to prevent French aid from reaching Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) and the Jacobite Rebellion in Scotland. Having been refused in his request to be named Commander-in-Chief he elected to step down on December 1. The following year, with the pamphlets circulating, he was removed from the Royal Navys list of flag officers. An avid reformer, Vernon remained in Parliament and worked to improve the Royal Navys operations, protocols, and fighting instructions. Many of the changes he worked for aided in the Royal Navys dominance in the Seven Years War. Vernon continued to serve in Parliament until his death at his estate in Nacton, Suffolk on October 30, 1757. Buried at Nacton, Vernons nephew had a monument erected to his memory at Westminster Abbey.

Swot Analysis Report - 1228 Words

Since 1994 Hilton acquired all of Bally Entertainment, making the largest gaming company in the world. In 1997 they founded an alliance with Ladbroke Group PLC in (now Hilton Group, owner of Hilton International and the rights to the Hilton name outside the US) to unify the Hilton brand worldwide. With a downturn in the gaming industry translating into sluggish results in Hilton’s gaming segment, the company spun off its gaming interests as Park Place Entertainment. In 1999 Hilton made a massive acquisition with the $3.7 billion purchase of Promus Hotel Corp. The following year Hilton sold its flamingo Casino-Kansas City, a remaining casino property left over from the Park Place spin off, to Isle of Capri Casinos for $33.5 million.†¦show more content†¦These hotels are owned by joint ventures of which the Company owns a minority or non-controlling interest. The Company has a right of first refusal to purchase additional equity interests in certain of these join t ventures. Managing and Franchising Operations: The Company managed 210 hotels, representing 53,776 rooms, which are wholly owned by others. Under the standard management agreement, the Company operates a hotel for the benefits of its owner, which either owner or leases the hotel and the associated personal property. The Company’s management fee is generally based on a percentage of each hotel’s gross revenue plus, in the majority of properties, an incentive fee based on operating performance. The Company franchised 1,612 hotels, representing 214,824 rooms, which are owned and operated by third parties. In general. Franchisees pay the Company an initial fee based on the number of rooms in a franchise hotel and a continuing fee based on a percentage of the hotel’s rooms revenue, which may be up to 5% of rooms revenue depending on the brand. 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Childhood Obesity A Problem For Years - 1342 Words

In the United States, childhood obesity has been a problem for years. The increase of the disease is becoming more rapid as time goes by. More than 23 million children and adolescents are being diagnosed with overweight or obesity in the US. Virginia has been ranked 23rd in America with the highest overweight or obesity in children. In Virginia, children ages two to five 16.5% were considered overweight and 15.5% were considered obese. Childhood obesity can cause serious health and physical problems, not only now, in the future if not carefully taken care of before or when it is obvious to the eye. The fact that fast food restaurants are becoming more convenient, lack of physical activity, and parenting methods are some main reasons why†¦show more content†¦Children that are already obese can have high blood pressure or high cholesterol. â€Å"Obese youth are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure. In a population-based sample of 5- to 17-year-olds, 70% of obese youth had at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease.† (Center for Disease Control, 2015) They also can develop prediabetes; this is a condition when the blood sugar is higher than average, but not high enough to be considered diabetes. Not only health effects but self- esteem issues and being bullied are a major concern, as well. Children who are obese are more than likely to be obese as adults. Adult obesity can lead to heart disease, stroke, multiple cancers, and arthritis. Sometimes genetics has a big factor to do with a child’s physical appearance, steps toward preventing overweight and obesity can be taken. Fast food restaurants have been blamed for years for the obesity rate sky rocketing up. Although I do not ultimately agree that it is the restaurants fault, I do think it is a little ridiculous that a double cheeseburger at McDonald’s costs a dollar, but a salad cost over five dollars. The nutrition value compared from a double cheeseburger and a chicken salad at McDonald’s are pointless. The calories in a chicken salad is 480, and the calories for a double cheeseburger is 437. You might as well just spend less money and consume less calories with a double

History of African American Music free essay sample

African American slaves TLD have much to bring along with them coming Into a new country, they had very little family as they were all separated and divided into different plantations. What they did bring with them was their musical traditions. Many people would refer to their type of music as slave songs, gospel music or spiritual music. Spiritual music had a variety of moods. The slaves sang for many reasons. A song might be a lullaby, a work song, a mournful complaint, or a tune sung simply for pleasure (Woos 13).After all the deaths that were taken place In the south, It was a doleful measure for the slaves on the plantation and this gave them a way to let out all their sorrows, these songs had great meanings to them, sometimes their songs even had hidden messages in them. One song called Wade in the Water instructed escaping slaves to walk in the rivers and streams so that the water would wash away their smell and the masters hounds wouldnt be able to track them (Hatch). When slavery ended In the south It was a new beginning for slaves.Many slaves left their plantations and headed east to big cities, and some slaves stayed in the south and became sharecroppers. During this time period, music began to evolve. Woos says, These immigrants, naturally, brought their music. During the next decades, black popular music flourished, developing into several key genres and paving steadily into mainstream American culture (20). As they did, music began to grow Into three obvious styles: ragtime, blues, and Jazz. Starting this new era was ragtime.As pianos became common In saloons, clubs, brothels and middle-class homes (Woos 22), ragtime became very popular. Pianos were one of the main instruments, although a piano could have also been accompanied by bongo drums or an acoustic guitar. The ambiance of this genre is generally expressed in a fluent and joyful way. Another type of music of this exquisite age was blues and It wasnt a secret. Blue Ragtime wasnt the only music to come from gospel. Around the turn of the 20th century, a different sound was drifting out of the Mississippi Valley and out of Tin Pan Alley.It would overtake rag in popularity and endurance, It was associated with the haunting heartaches of life and thus came to be called the blues. Ragtime and blues were alike in many ways but different in many others. Blues was genuinely emotional; it had a darker side to it. Singing was the key tool to blues; it wasnt so much the type of instruments that were used but more of the beats that ere produced. These songs were cries of people who had nothing and expected nothing. Singers would mourn about losing Jobs, homes, and friends, but above all, losing sweethearts (Blue and Andean).However, not all songs were gloomy; there were a handful of songs that were surprisingly optimistic. People would sing about losing their Jobs or losing someone dear to them, while someone else would sing about getting on a train and finding a new Job and finding a better looking girl/guy. A man by the name of William Christopher Handy sung both; he called himself the Father of Blues. According to Woos His compositions including the wildly popular Memphis Blues and SST. Louis Blues, smoothed the musics rough edges, making it more appealing to a wide audience (26).One more style of music in this era was Jazz. Many people would agree that Jazz was originated in New Orleans. Reason being, this city advanced further, musically, than any other city in the United States, this type of music could have only flourished there (Blue and Andean). Jazz grew into the most boundless genre. This style went into a greater extent of improvising which other genres didnt have. It also had many efferent emotions throughout its music that varied from love songs to calm and relaxing songs to depressing songs to uplifting and high energy songs.Furthermore, in New Orleans, there was quite a mixture of races. These races all had their own flavor of music, which would merge together. At this time, the people of New Orleans hailed from many different cultures. As new settlers arrived in New Orleans, musical traditions from all over the world began to unite. African American musicians merged European musical tradition with such music as blues, ragtime, and marching band to create a new style of music-?Jazz. A History) But as time went by and Jazz changed so did the size of groups.They werent bands of five anymore but a number of eleven or more. Size did matter because Jazz now had a difference in style. Woos says, Large groups could not improvise simultaneously, as Dixieland bands did, without creating chaos (36). In 1929, the economy crashed causing a great depression. Money was tight so people werent able to go to their favorite nightclub or buy a new record. Not until swing bands came along, people could actually afford to take a night out and enjoy themselves. The great depression was a hard time for these people but they found a way to happiness. As the great depression drags on, Jazz comes as close as it has ever come to being Americas popular music, providing entertainment and escape for a people down on their luck (Swing). Late sass and early sass. At this point in history the United States was coming upon a shift right before World War II, large populations of blacks in the south were moving into cities in the Midwest and West. Honest explains, This migration created a young, urban black audience with a growing taste for up-tempo dance music.

Charles Mingus free essay sample

Charles Minus Charles Minus is a very important and influential name in Jazz; however he is left out by many historians when talking about the history of Jazz. The main reason he is left out by so many historians, Mark Griddle in particular, is because of his attitude and ego. He Is clearly not the most pleasant person, and he surely does not display how a real Jazz musician should act, at least according to most historians.The way he acts during performances can be quite startling at first, If you are not familiar with is ways and methods of playing. For example, he was known for using profanity during performances, either geared at the audience if they were being too loud or the sound operators if the sound wasnt up to Minings expectations. That being said, Minus Is a great musician, and Just because he doesnt display the best of etiquettes while performing, doesnt mean he should be left out of the history books. He later pushed boundaries both musically and politically. Minus was significant In the African American call rights movement as he provided a rueful view of the attitudes of African-Americans towards the racial inequalities in America. Lived that is of the Jazz community where he pursued freedom and Justice in music through compositional devices and musical expression. One way he contributed to the CRM was by influencing powerful and subordinate classes through holding hidden and public protests. His composition Fables of Faustus attests to these statements, as described below.Minus popularity in the Jazz community made him more influential in the political jazz climate. His regular performing schedule and frequent discography of records which made significant sales during the sasss-sasss powerful view of racial segregation and prejudice as present in American about racial injustices evident in the music industry. He directly challenged the accepted norms through his music by often using political titles for his pieces and his innovative compositional process enabled him to contest racial stereotypes through his outspoken critics. Punctuated with his position as a composer, allowed him to incorporate politics into his music. The most outstanding example of this is Fables of Faustus first recorded on Minus 1959 album, Minus, Ah Um. The song was written as a direct protest against Arkansas governor, American civil rights movement. 2013. Unicycledid Britannica Online. Retrieved 08 August, 2013, movement Civil rights movement. 2013. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 09 August, 2013, from http://legal- dictionary. Defenestration. Mom/Civil+Rights+Movement 2 The African American civil rights movement saw , provided an ideal forum to express to his wide audience his Charles Minus Discography session index. 2001. Jazz Discography Project. Retrieved 03 August, 2013, from http://www. ]zodiacs. Org/Charles-minus/discography/session-index/ Minus, Charles. Contemporary Musicians. Volvo. 9. Gale Coinage, 2006 4 M. Reef, Unexpected Activism. A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Minus as Activists Using 5 James Coots Theory of Public Versus Hidden Transcripts, p. 18 Thomas Vacancies Rival E.Faustus, who in 1957 sent out the National Guard to prevent the integration of Little Rock Central High School by nine African American teenagers. And response from the horn section which is played in a combination of a somewhat mocking tone in order to depict Faustus as a fool, and in a raucous tone, to portray the anger as present n the African American community jazz critic Don Hickman who commented a classic Negro put-down in which satire becomes a deadly rapier-thrust. Faustus emerges in a glare of ridicule as a mock villain whom no-one really takes seriously.This kind of commentary.. . Appears far too rarely in Jazz. achieved international acclaim as it was played and recorded extensively by the Minus Band during their 1964 European Tour. The influence of this composition was obvious in the Jazz community as it was recorded and played on numerous occasions by various musicians, including white musicians he popularity of Minus compositions, which depicted harsh, emotional power, influenced his musical peers to become increasingly outspoken and to play Minus political compositions.Minus influence in the political Jazz climate increased political action in his fellow jazz musicians and also those people in the public who attended his concerts. Racist practices in the recording industry, the commercialisms of music festivals, and the exploitation of black artists led to Minus forming his own record company Debut Records, his own publishing company, organizing a counter-festival to the increasingly commercialism Newport Jazz Festival, and founding the Jazz Artists Gu ild GAG) a collective in powerful classes was most evident in the formation of the JAG.The JAG was influential in preceding numerous musicians collectives which were all cooperative ventures that protested the rules governing the Jazz marketplace 1 a powerful force against racial discrimination, particularly in the music industry. Minus ability to communicate an agenda of resistance and protest to his audience hidden transcripts such as allegories in his compositions and musical statements made him ore outspoken than his counterparts Brown v. Board at Fifty: With an Even Hand. 2013.Library of Congress. Retrieved 06 June, 2013, from 6 http://www. Loc. Gob/exhibits/brown/brown-aftermath. HTML Fables of Faustus Song Review Ken Dryden. All Music. Retrieved 18 July, 2013, from http:// 7 www. Alembic. Com/song/fables-of-Faustus-mt0007689362 8 Hickman, Don (August 1962). About Charles Minus. American Record Guide: 916-18. AS cited cantors 2001, p. 198 The European Tour of 1964, Charles Minus, Retrieved 06 June, 2013, from http:// 9 minus. Monotone. Info/1964. HTML 10 (Masterpiece), p. M.Dunked, Aesthetics of Resistance Charles Minus and the Civil Rights Movement 11 (Masterpiece), p. 16 MOM. Reef, Unexpected Activism. A Study of Louis Armstrong and Charles Minus as . In 1962, the song was re-recorded with lyrics to further . Musicians Joined Minus protest and thus presented . Thus, he could use music as a vehicle to express 3 strong political views supported the clear activism Minus freedom for Justice through music was an effective way of influencing the ordinate classes and subordinate classes.This was achieved through compositional devices and was giggly effective as it exemplified counterculture through music. He played bebop; a style of modern Jazz that developed in New York City during the early sass. It contained fast tempos, open soloing and complicated improvisation. 14 from post sass, bebop was a form of aesthetic protest and rebellion. 1 5 permanent black experience of oppression and discrimination in the USA. 16 interacted with the communal ideas of the CRM. Eh merged musical elements that represented diverse social groups within the Black community.He combined modern bebop elements with blues and sacred gospel music, representative of the lower classes pacification of bebop, combined with lower class blues and gospel music, Minus unified a diverse social group including the ordinate musician class through free, musical expression. Minus also used collective improvisation, a method where musicians improvised simultaneously. It paved particular attention to how each band member interacted with the group as a whole. 19 band member expressed their musical freedom whilst playing a style of music reflecting Black grievances against discrimination.Minus captured the ordinate musician classes as many notable musicians played Minus songs which included these compositional squishiness they exerted activism. In Fables of Faustus, Minus cleverly uses lyrics in conjunction with staccato (short and choppy) notes, stable sounds and unstable sounds which produces a tone of insanity. Since this song attempts to criticism Governor Faustus, this compositional device gives the impression that Faustus is psychotic. Hence, Minus used compositional form of activism to underpin the outspoken forms of activism. He attempted to break the barriers that lay between Jazz and classical music by incorporating elements from both fields, creating a medium. 22 musicians where he imagined a world free of racial restrictions and generic atdisgorgesHis activism was in the form of outspoken statements where he called for greater integration in the music world; Today, musicians in all races are proving that no race is endowed with special abilities for any profession and that every musician has an equal chance if given the proper start and study needed for playing correctly. 23 Arguably his most effective contribution to the CRM was his articulation of free musical expression as depicted in the prestigious downbeat magazines. MiMinuserecognizedf Jazz Journalist and its effect on the ability of the Jazz musician to make a living as Black West Coast America suffered from a lack of critique and was subsequently not rerecognizedn merit. He wrote to Gleason, expressing his belief that music was an expression of the emotional self.In doing so, he tried to create a climate in which these musicians would have the creative freedom and material resources to pursue their art. By writing to the critic, MiMinusrticulated his aesthetic vision of inequality in the music business. This encouraged musicians in the future to strive for free musical expression, where black musicians would predominantly create music infused with musical expression ideas about race, culture citizenship, civil and coeconomicights, and black rirightisthe supportive critic, Gleason.MiMinusethos prior to this publication was already respected as he had been written glowingly in Downbeat during 1949. Therefore, he was more influential to the ordinate musician class. This was further underpinned when the article was reproduced in 1953 and to an even greater extent when MiMinusonducted a CoColorlind Test, notable musicians had to identify personnel on records people identifying anonymous black artists as white artists and vice versa. The results were published, along with the support of critic